Russia’s war against Ukraine has caused not only human and economic losses but also one of the largest environmental crises in Europe since World War II. As of March 2026, Ukrainian authorities had documented more than 10,800 cases of environmental damage, with estimated losses exceeding UAH 6.4 trillion and recovery needs surpassing USD 85 billion.
The war has severely affected air quality, soils, water resources, forests, and protected areas. Millions of tonnes of greenhouse gas emissions, widespread soil contamination, the destruction of water infrastructure, and extensive forest fires have caused long-term damage to ecosystems and biodiversity. Nearly 30% of Ukraine’s protected natural areas have been impacted by military activities.
Environmental experts emphasize that ecological recovery must become an integral part of Ukraine’s post-war reconstruction. Restoring forests, cleaning contaminated soils and water resources, and clearing mined territories will require decades of effort and substantial international support. The environmental consequences of the war will remain one of the country’s longest-lasting challenges, affecting both nature and human well-being for generations.
